What Can Happen During a Flash Flood?
A flash flood is a flood that occurs with great speed and force, often within a few hours after a heavy and/or prolonged rain. Flash flood damage is worse than flood damage because of the water's speed and force.
Causes of Flash Floods
Flash floods can be triggered by runoff from heavy storms, by high tides combined with storms, by rivers that are over-full and when barriers, levees or dams give way, according to a U.S. Department of Commerce Flash Flood Preparedness Guide. Flash floods can cover a lot of ground in a matter of moments.
River Flash Floods
During a heavy storm or spring melt-off, river levels can rise too quickly to be contained by banks or levees. Flood water spills out rapidly, harming people and property, particularly in low-lying areas, because of the speed, volume and power of the water that drives the flood.
Coastal Flash Floods
In coastal areas, high tides, in tandem with severe storms, can send enormous waves racing far inland, smashing houses and destroying harbors and marinas, according to the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. A tidal wave, or tsunami-a type of flash flood caused by an earthquake-can destroy whole towns and communities.
Desert Flash Floods
Flash floods can occur in desert areas, usually in stream beds known as dry washes or arroyos. When large amounts of rain fall, these dry stream beds can fill quickly with fast-running water; the force can uproot trees and even knock buildings off their foundations.
Urban Flood Damage
A flash flood in an urban area is especially dangerous to people in cars. According to the National Weather Service, as little as 2 feet of flash flood water can wash away any car.
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